Resources

Resources & Information on
Lasers and Light Based Technologies 

Laser Safety Information & Resources

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Sub Committee Z136 creates the laser safety standards that are used throughout the USA. The Laser Institute of America (LIA) acts as the secretariat and oversees the creation and distribution of these standards. The purchase of the various standards can be acquired both in hard copy or electronic versions from the LIA website at www.LIA.org. Dr. Scott Benjamin of Midwestern University and Eastman Institute of Oral Health is a member of the LiD-SIG and represents dentistry on the ANSI Z136 committee. He can be reached by email at SBenjamin@dentalaim.com with any specific questions or concerns about these documents and/or laser safety. In Canada the laser safety standards are created by the Canadian Standards Association Group (CSA) (www.csagroup.org) and has created the CSA Z386-14 (R2019) Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care and is largely in part based on the ANSI Z136.3 (2018) American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care.
American Nation Standard Z136.1 (2014)
for the Safe Use of Lasers
American Nation Standard Z136.3 (2018)
for the Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care

ANSI Z136.1(2014) American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers is the parent document of the laser safety standards, the Z136.1 and is the foundation of laser safety programs for health care, industry, military, research, development (labs), and higher education (universities).  Z136.1 

provides guidance for individuals who work with Class 3B and Class 4 lasers and laser systems. 


It provides a practical means for establishing a laser safety program to protect institutions, employers, facilities, and personnel from beam hazards such as, potential injury to the eye and potential injury to the skin. Additionally, this standard provides guidance on non-beam hazards such as, fire, exposure to air contaminants, hazardous gases, and solvents.  The Z136.1 standard also includes engineering, administrative, and procedural controls, including protective housing, standard operating procedures (SOPs), personal protective equipment (PPEs), warning signs and labeling requirements.


The Z136.1 parent document also provides technical information on measurements, calculations, biological effects, as well as, laser and laser systems hazard classifications.  The  duties and responsibilities of the Laser Safety Officer (LSO), education, training requirements, and when medical examinations may be necessary.


This document can be purchased from the Laser Institute of America at www.LIA.org/store

ANSI Z136.3(2018) American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care is nationally recognized as the definitive document on laser safety in health care environments, providing guidance for the safe use of lasers for diagnostic, cosmetic, preventive and therapeutic applications where bodily structure or function is altered or symptoms are relieved. This standard is applicable to any location where a health care laser system (HCLS) is used as a medical device, including hospital facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, individual medical, dental and veterinarian offices, and non-medical locations.  It is intended for use by all personnel associated with the installation, operation, calibration, maintenance and service of the HCLS, as well as, anyone who might be exposed to laser energy during a health care application procedure. Z136.3 standard is a must-have for all dental facilities and laser safety officers.


The Z136.3 (2018) document has been extensively revised to reflect current thinking and practices of today’s health care.  Recent updates include, the clarification of the roles and responsibilities of the Laser Safety Officer (LSO), Deputy Laser Safety Officer (DSLO), Laser Safety Site Contact (LSSC) and Laser Safety Specialist (LSS), with additional information regarding these positions.  Additionally, it includes enhanced detail on laser generated airborne contaminants (LGAC) and plume and airborne contaminants (PAC).  It more clearly defines control measures and changes to area warnings signage in both design and signal words.


This document can be purchased from the Laser Institute of America at www.LIA.org/store.


ANSI Z136.5 (2009) American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions 

The ANSI Z136.5 (2020) American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers in Educational Institutions 

The Z136.5 standard is a guide for the organization and implementation of laser safety and training programs.  This standard and the goal of the revisions is to address laser safety concerns in educational settings including; classrooms, laboratories, simulation exercises, lecture halls and projects. The Z136.5 standard also includes considerations for Standard Operating Procedures(SOPs), engineering controls, as well as, administrative and protective controls.


This document can be purchased from the Laser Institute of America at www.LIA.org/store


Defining Laser Controlled Areas & List of the Nominal Ocular Hazard Distances (NOHD) 

The Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD) is used to define the Laser Treatment Controlled Area (LCTA)/Nominal Hazard Zone (NHZ).  Click the image to the left to download the definitions of the 

NOHD, LACT/LCA, NHZ & a List of the Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD)

that are required by the FDA to be listed in the devices' operation manuals for many of the dental  lasers presently available in a PDF format.  


Laser & Light Based Technology Presentations 
by LiD-SIG Members at the ADEA Annual Sessions

Click the image to the left to download the presentation in a PDF format;

Incorporating Competency in Laser Utilization into the School's Core Curriculum   

Presented at the 2021 ADEA Virtual  Annual Conference on March 15, 2021

by Dr. Scott Benjamin of Midwestern University-Arizona, College of Dental Medicine

and Dr. Praveen Arany of the University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine.

Click the image to the left to download the handout in a PDF format for the presentation

Incorporating Competency in Laser Utilization into the School's Core Curriculum 

Presented at the 2021 ADEA Virtual  Annual Conference on March 15, 2021

by Dr. Scott Benjamin of Midwestern University-Arizona, College of Dental Medicine

and Dr. Praveen Arany of the University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine.

The handout contains; links to some laser resources and references, common laser acronyms, a sample outline of a pre-clinical laser curriculum, the roles and responsibilities of the Laser Safety Officer (LSO), a patrial list of the Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD) of various dental lasers, and a partial list of laser applications.

Click the image to the left to download the presentation in a PDF format;

Lasers in Dentistry; Surgical & Non-Surgical Applications: More than a Tool.  

Presented at the 2019 ADEA Annual Conference on March 17, 2019  in Chicago, Illinois  

by Dr. Praveen Arany of the University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine.


Click the image to the left to download the presentation in a PDF format;;

Laser Safety: Is Your School Ready? 

Presented at the 2017 ADEA Annual Confernce on March 18, 2017 in Long Beach, California 

by Dr. Scott Benjamin of Midwestern University-Arizona and Dr. William Leavitt of University of Nevada, Las Vegas.


Laser & Light Technology Presentations by LiD-SIG Members
at Meetings Sponsored by Educational Institutions 

Non-Laser Presentations by LiD-SIG Members 
at the ADEA Annual Sessions

List of Laser Related Peer Reviewed Journals

Journal of Laser Dentistry 

The Journal of Laser Dentistry (JLD) is the official journal of the Academy of Laser Dentistry (ALD) it is a source for comprehensive information about what is happening in the profession and the industry supporting laser dentistry.  The JLD is a peer-reviewed bi-annual journal published electronically for ALD members and is available on the members only web pages.  It includes clinical case studies, research, and news of clinical, scientific and dental practice happenings.  Dr. Donald Patthoff of West Virginia University, Berkeley Medical Center serves as Editor-in-Chief with an editorial board of leading university faculty members and laser clinicians from across the North America.  Several LiD-SIG members and Past Chairs serve on the editorial board of this journal.

Samples of the JLD are available on the ALD’s website at: 

https://www.laserdentistry.org/index.cfm/professionals/Journal%20Sample

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, (PPLS) formerly Photomedicine and Laser Surgery  is a peer reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.  It is the official publication for both the World Association of Light Therapy (WALT) and North American Academy for Photobiomodulation Therapy (NAALT). Additionally, it is an official publication of the World Federation for Laser Dentistry (WFLD) and the Academy of Laser Dentistry (ALD).  The Journal is under the editorial leadership of Editor-in-Chief Michael R. Hamblin, PhD, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Co-Editor-in-Chief Heidi Abrahamse, PhD, University of Johannesburg.  Praveen R. Arany, DDS, PhD of the University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine and Past-Chair of the LiD-SIG serves as a Senior Editor of this journal.   PPLS focuses on cutting-edge advances and research in phototherapy, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and laser medicine and surgery. It delivers basic and clinical findings and procedures to improve the knowledge and application of these techniques in medicine.

PPLS coverage includes the mechanisms of biostimulation and bioinhibition, increasing collagen synthesis, reversing photoaging, stimulating wound healing, optical diagnostics, and procedures in medicine, surgery, and dentistry.

ISSN: 1549-5418 | Online ISSN: 2578-5478


Lasers in Surgery and Medicine

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine (LSM), by Wiley Publishing is a peer reviewed journal and is the official publication of the American Society for Laser Medicine & Surgery (ASLMS) and has been published since 1981.  The Journal publishes the high quality research and clinical manuscripts in areas relating to the use of lasers in medicine and biology. It publishes basic and clinical studies on the therapeutic and diagnostic use of lasers in all the surgical and medical specialties.  Articles regarding clinical trials, new therapeutic techniques or instrumentation, laser biophysics and bioengineering, photobiology and photochemistry, outcomes research, cost-effectiveness, and other aspects of biomedicine are the focus of the journal.

ISSN: 1096-9101 | Online ISSN:1096-9101


List of Peer Reviewed Articles on Laser Science 
& Clinical Applications 
Below is a List of Peer Reviewed Articles on Laser Science and Clinical Applications and When Possible a Link to the Abstract. 
Articles are Listed in a Reverse Chronological Order.

List of Peer Reviewed Articles on Photobiomodulation (PBM)
(Low Level Light Therapy/LLLT) & Clinical Applications

Below is a List of Peer Reviewed Articles on the Science of Photobiomodulation (PBM) and Clinical Applications 
and When Possible a Link to the Abstract.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) in the Past has Been Known by Many Different Names; Low Level Laser (or Light) Therapy (LLLT),  Photomedicine, Phototherapy, and over 70 Different Names. 
Articles are Listed in a Reverse Chronological Order.

Innovative Roles for Dentists in the Opioid Crisis: Photobiomodulation Therapy for Pain Relief and Deaddiction

By Praveen R .Arany B.D.S., M.D.S., .M.M.Sc., Ph.D.

This paper is an overview of the role photobiomodulation can play on dealing with the Opioid Crisis.

Click on the image on the left to download a PDF copy of this paper.

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